The core idea behind EMDR is that we all have an innate ability to process and heal from difficult experiences—much like how the immune system naturally works to heal a cut. However, when we go through trauma or significant stress, that processing system can sometimes get stuck, and the distressing memories don’t fully resolve. This is where psychotherapy, and specifically EMDR, comes in to help get things moving again.
EMDR uses specific types of rhythmic stimulation—such as eye movements, tapping, sounds, or cognitive tasks—to support the brain in reprocessing those “stuck” memories. There are a few theories about how this works. One is that the stimulation helps keep the person grounded in the present while they access a painful memory, making it easier to process. Another is that the stimulation helps the brain’s natural healing system integrate the memory more effectively—connecting thoughts, emotions, and body sensations so that the experience no longer feels as distressing or disruptive.